This research paper examines the multifaceted impact of organic farming practices on soil fertility and crop yield through comprehensive analysis of current literature and empirical studies. The study evaluates various organic farming methodologies including crop rotation, composting, biological pest control, and integrated nutrient management systems. Results indicate that while organic farming significantly enhances soil fertility parameters such as organic matter content, microbial diversity, and nutrient cycling efficiency, crop yields show variable outcomes depending on crop type, soil conditions, and management practices. The research concludes that organic farming represents a sustainable approach to agriculture that prioritizes long-term soil health over short-term yield maximization.